Iko matombo anokosha emaminera here?
Maminari ndeyemakemikari anowanzoitika muchimiro, kazhinji kechimiro chekristalline uye chisati chabudiswa nehupenyu hutsika. Maminera ane rimwe rinokonzerwa nemakemikari, asi dombo rinogona kuva rakawanda yemaminerari akasiyana. Sayenzi yezvicherwa ndeye mineralogy.
Mazhinji matombo anokosha ari zvicherwa
Zvicherwa zvine zvakasiyana siyana zvemuviri. Tsananguro yavo inodzika pane yavo makemikari chimiro uye kuumbwa. Humwe hunhu hunosiyanisa hunosanganisira kristaro chimiro uye tsika, zvakare kuomarara, kubwinya, diaphaneity, ruvara, streak, kusimba, cleavage, kutsemuka, kupatsanura, giravhiti yakatarwa, magineti, kuravira kana kunhuwidza, radioactivity, uye maitiro kune acid.
Muenzaniso wezvicherwa zvematombo: Quartz, diamond, corrundum, beryl, ...
chakaita zvokugadzirwa matombo anokosha
Zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati pezvigadzirwa zvematombo, nekutevedzera kana kuenzaniswa nematombo.
Synthetic matombo ari mumuviri, optically uye makemikari akafanana nedombo rechisikigo, asi akagadzirwa muFekitori. Mune maket yekutengesa, vatengesi vematombo vanoshandisa kazhinji zita rekuti "lab rakagadzirwa". Inoita kuti dombo rekugadzira riwedzere kutengeswa kupfuura "fekitori yakagadzirwa"
Muenzaniso weMashizha emagetsi: Synthetic corrundum, yakagadzira diamond, yakagadzirwa ne quartz, ...
Chakagadzirwa nematombo anokosha
Mienzaniso yematombo ekugadzira anosanganisira cubic zirconia, inoumbwa ne zirconium oxide uye inofananidzwa moissanite, ayo ese ari maviri matombo anokosha simulants. Kutevedzera kuteedzera kutaridzika uye ruvara rweiyo dombo chairo asi haina yavo kemikari kana chimiro chemuviri. Moissanite chaizvo ine yakakwira refractive index pane dhayamondi uye painounzwa padivi nedimendi rakaenzana uye rakatemwa dhayamondi ichave ne "moto" wakawanda kupfuura dhamondi.
matombo
Dombo chinhu chechisikigo, chizere chakasimba cheimwechete kana kupfuura minerals kana mineraloids. Semuenzaniso, Lapis lazuli inzvimbo yakadzika ye-blue metamorphic rock. Nhengo dzayo dzakasiyana-siyana-sedombo rinokosha. Iyo inonyanya kukosha yemaminerari inonzi mapis lazuli ndeye lazurite (25% kusvika 40%), feldspathoid silicate mineral.
Zvinyorwa zvigadzirwa
Pane huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasikwa zvinoshandiswa sematombo, kusanganisira:
Amber, Ammolite, Bone, Copal, Coral, Ivory, Jet, Nacre, Operculum, Pearl, Petoskey ibwe
Mineraloids
A mineraloid isiri yemvura-iyo inenge isina kuratidza crystallinity. Mineraloids ine zvikamu zvemakemikari zvinopesana kunze kwenzvimbo dzakawanda dzinogamuchirwa dzemaminera chaiwo. Semuenzaniso, obsidian iglasi reamorphous uye kwete kristini. Jet inotorwa kubva pakuora kwehuni pasi pekumanikidzika kukuru. Opal imwe imwe mineraloid nekuda kweiyo isina-crystalline.
Man-made mineraloids
Girasi yakagadzirwa nevanhu, plastiki, ...